basename (strip directory and suffix from filenames) bash (GNU Bourne-Again SHell) cat (concatenate files and print on the standard output) convert (convert between image formats as well as much more) cut (remove sections from each line of files) echo (display a line of text) exit (cause normal process termination) expr (evaluate expressions) git (the stupid content tracker) grep (print lines matching a pattern) head (output the first part of files) inkscape (an SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) editing program.) ls (list directory contents) md5sum (compute and check MD5 message digest) pdftk (A handy tool for manipulating PDF) rev (reverse lines of a file or files) rm (remove files or directories) sed (stream editor for filtering and transforming text) sort (sort lines of text files) tac (concatenate and print files in reverse) uniq (report or omit repeated lines) vim (Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor) wc (print newline, word, and byte counts for each file)